http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&db=PubMed&term=chironomid+larvae+allergy&tool=QuerySuggestion
I haven't read all the articles, but the investigators often state
authoritatively that the allergenicity is tdue to the hemoglobins
contained in the critters. Unfortuately, I have not seen any articles
where the investigators actually separated out various components of
the insects and tested them for reactions.
It's also likely that there are different components that produce
allergies in different people.
Some of the articles also report that there is a cross reactivity with
other insects.
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